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XML generation date: 2024-09-20 06:22:20.554
Product last modified at: 2024-09-30T17:30:07.902Z
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PDP - Template Name: Antibody Sampler Kit
PDP - Template ID: *******4a3ef3a

Toll-like Receptor Antibody Sampler Kit II #48697

    Product Information

    Product Description

    The Toll-like Receptor Antibody Sampler Kit II provides an economical means of detecting expression of various Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The kit contains enough primary and secondary antibodies to perform at least two western blot experiments.

    Specificity / Sensitivity

    Each antibody in the Toll-like Receptor Antibody Sampler Kit II detects endogenous levels of its target protein. Toll-like Receptor 3 (D10F10) Rabbit mAb detects a 75 kDa protein of unknown origin in some cell lines and tissues. Toll-like Receptor 6 (D1Z8B) Rabbit mAb detects a 72 kDa protein of unknown origin. Toll-like Receptor 6 (D1Z8B) Rabbit mAb is not approved for IP in mouse samples. Toll-like Receptor 8 (D3Z6J) Rabbit mAb detects 30 kDa and 37 kDa proteins of unknown origin. Toll-like Receptor 9 (D9M9H) XP® Rabbit mAb is predicted to react with known full-length isoforms of TLR9, but not with the cleaved TLR9 protein.

    Source / Purification

    Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic peptides corresponding to residues surrounding Val303 of human TLR2 protein, Val495 of human TLR3 protein, Pro47 of human TLR6 protein, Pro141 of human TLR8 protein, Pro450 of human TLR9 protein, or recombinant protein specific to the leucine-rich repeats within human TLR7 protein. Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues at the amino terminus of human TLR1 protein. Polyclonal antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

    Background

    Members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, named for the closely related Toll receptor in Drosophila, play a pivotal role in innate immune responses (1-4). TLRs recognize conserved motifs found in various pathogens and mediate defense responses (5-7). TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, and TLR11 are localized to the plasma membrane, while TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 are localized to intracellular membranes including endosomal membranes. Triggering of the TLR pathway leads to the activation of NF-κB and subsequent regulation of immune and inflammatory genes (4). The TLRs and members of the IL-1 receptor family share a conserved stretch of approximately 200 amino acids known as the Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain (1). Upon activation, TLRs associate with a number of cytoplasmic adaptor proteins containing TIR domains, including myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), MyD88-adaptor-like/TIR-associated protein (MAL/TIRAP), Toll-receptor-associated activator of interferon (TRIF), and Toll-receptor-associated molecule (TRAM) (8-10). This association leads to the recruitment and activation of IRAK1 and IRAK4, which form a complex with TRAF6 to activate TAK1 and IKK (8,11-14). Activation of IKK leads to the degradation of IκB, which normally maintains NF-κB in an inactive state by sequestering it in the cytoplasm. TLR1 and TLR6 associate with TLR2 to cooperatively mediate response to bacterial lipoproteins and fungal zymosan (6,15). TLR3 is an endosomal TLR that recognizes double-stranded RNA derived from viruses (7). TLR7 and TLR8 recognize single-stranded viral RNA and are also activated by synthetic imidazoquinoline compounds including R-848 (16,17). TLR9 recognizes unmethylated CpG motifs present on bacterial DNA (18).
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    8. Zhang, F.X. et al. (1999) J Biol Chem 274, 7611-4.
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