Myddosome Complex Antibody Sampler Kit #39433

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a large family of so-called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (1,2). Upon activation, TLRs initiate two main signaling pathways through their C-terminal cytoplasmic Toll/Il-1 receptor (TIR) domain that couples with TIR domain-containing adaptors MyD88 and TRIF. The MyD88-dependent pathway is initiated by the formation of a large oligomeric protein complex termed myddosome. Myddosome is one of so-called supramolecular organizing centers (SMOCs), a signaling organelle that is common for PRRs in the innate immune system. Myddosome formation promotes IRAK4 activation, which in turn activates IRAK1 and later, IRAK2. TRAF6 is then recruited and activated through the binding sites within IRAKs. Activated TRAF6 is released to the cytosol and triggers the IKK complex to activate the NF-κB pathway to mediate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (3-7). Recently, it was also found that TBK1 is recruited to the myddosome complex and activated to induce aerobic glycolysis (8).