mTOR Regulation Antibody Sampler Kit #9864
Product Information
Kit Usage Information
Protocols
- 2083: Western Blotting
- 2691: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Magnetic), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
- 2983: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Magnetic), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Immunofluorescence, Flow
- 2997: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Magnetic), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
- 5536: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Agarose), Immunofluorescence
- 7074: Western Blotting
- 9480: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation (Agarose), Immunofluorescence, Flow
Product Description
The mTOR Regulation Sampler Kit provides an economical means to evaluate the regulation of mTOR signaling by such proteins as phosphorylated Raptor, RagC and PRAS40. The kit contains enough primary and secondary antibodies to perform two Western blot experiments per primary antibody.
Specificity / Sensitivity
Each antibody in the mTOR Regulation Antibody Sampler Kit detects endogenous levels of its target protein. Activation state antibodies detect only target proteins phosphorylated at indicated residues. Phospho-Raptor (Ser792) Antibody may also detect non-specific signals of various molecular weights.
Source / Purification
Phospho-specific polyclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with synthetic phosphopeptides corresponding to residues surrounding Ser792 of human raptor. Polyclonal antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography. Phospho-specific monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to the sequence surrounding Thr246 of human PRAS40 and Ser2448 of human mTOR. Total protein monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with synthetic peptides corresponding to residues surrounding Ser2481 of human mTOR, the sequence of human PRAS40, and the residues near the aminoterminus of human RagC.
Background
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR, FRAP, RAFT) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase (1-3) that functions as an ATP and amino acid sensor to balance nutrient availability and cell growth (4,5). When sufficient nutrients are available, mTOR responds to a phosphatidic acid-mediated signal to transmit a positive signal to p70 S6 kinase and participate in the inactivation of the eIF4E inhibitor, 4E-BP1 (6). These events result in the translation of specific mRNA subpopulations. mTOR is phosphorylated at Ser2448 via the PI3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway and autophosphorylated at Ser2481 (7,8). mTOR plays a key role in cell growth and homeostasis and may be abnormally regulated in tumors. For these reasons, mTOR is currently under investigation as a potential target for anti-cancer therapy (9).
The regulatory associated protein of mTOR (Raptor) was identified as an mTOR binding partner that mediates mTOR signaling to downstream targets (10,11). Raptor binds to mTOR substrates, including 4E-BP1 and p70 S6 kinase, through their TOR signaling (TOS) motifs and is required for mTOR-mediated phosphorylation of these substrates (12,13). PRAS40 interacts with raptor in insulin-deprived cells and inhibits the activation of the mTORC1 pathway. Phosphorylation of PRAS40 by Akt at Thr246 relieves PRAS40 inhibition of mTORC1 (14). Recently raptor has been identified as a direct substrate of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (15). AMPK phosphorylates raptor on Ser722/Ser792 (15). This phosphorylation is essential for inhibition of the raptor-containing mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and induces cell cycle arrest when cells are stressed for energy (15). These findings suggest that raptor is a critical switch that correlates cell cycle progression with energy status. The activity of mTORC1 kinase complex is modulated by energy levels, growth factors and amino acids (16,17). Recent studies found that RagA, RagB, RagC and RagD, the four related GTPases, interact with raptor in the mTORC1 complex (18,19). These interactions are both necessary and sufficient for mTORC1 activation in response to amino acid signals (18,19).
The regulatory associated protein of mTOR (Raptor) was identified as an mTOR binding partner that mediates mTOR signaling to downstream targets (10,11). Raptor binds to mTOR substrates, including 4E-BP1 and p70 S6 kinase, through their TOR signaling (TOS) motifs and is required for mTOR-mediated phosphorylation of these substrates (12,13). PRAS40 interacts with raptor in insulin-deprived cells and inhibits the activation of the mTORC1 pathway. Phosphorylation of PRAS40 by Akt at Thr246 relieves PRAS40 inhibition of mTORC1 (14). Recently raptor has been identified as a direct substrate of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (15). AMPK phosphorylates raptor on Ser722/Ser792 (15). This phosphorylation is essential for inhibition of the raptor-containing mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and induces cell cycle arrest when cells are stressed for energy (15). These findings suggest that raptor is a critical switch that correlates cell cycle progression with energy status. The activity of mTORC1 kinase complex is modulated by energy levels, growth factors and amino acids (16,17). Recent studies found that RagA, RagB, RagC and RagD, the four related GTPases, interact with raptor in the mTORC1 complex (18,19). These interactions are both necessary and sufficient for mTORC1 activation in response to amino acid signals (18,19).
- Sabers, C.J. et al. (1995) J Biol Chem 270, 815-22.
- Brown, E.J. et al. (1994) Nature 369, 756-8.
- Sabatini, D.M. et al. (1994) Cell 78, 35-43.
- Gingras, A.C. et al. (2001) Genes Dev 15, 807-26.
- Dennis, P.B. et al. (2001) Science 294, 1102-5.
- Fang, Y. et al. (2001) Science 294, 1942-5.
- Navé, B.T. et al. (1999) Biochem J 344 Pt 2, 427-31.
- Peterson, R.T. et al. (2000) J Biol Chem 275, 7416-23.
- Huang, S. and Houghton, P.J. (2003) Curr Opin Pharmacol 3, 371-7.
- Hara, K. et al. (2002) Cell 110, 177-89.
- Kim, D.H. et al. (2002) Cell 110, 163-75.
- Beugnet, A. et al. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 40717-22.
- Nojima, H. et al. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 15461-4.
- Vander Haar, E. et al. (2007) Nat Cell Biol 9, 316-23.
- Gwinn, D.M. et al. (2008) Mol Cell 30, 214-26.
- Hay, N. and Sonenberg, N. (2004) Genes Dev 18, 1926-45.
- Wullschleger, S. et al. (2006) Cell 124, 471-84.
- Sancak, Y. et al. (2008) Science 320, 1496-501.
- Kim, E. et al. (2008) Nat Cell Biol 10, 935-45.
限制使用
除非 CST 的合法授书代表以书面形式书行明确同意,否书以下条款适用于 CST、其关书方或分书商提供的书品。 任何书充本条款或与本条款不同的客书条款和条件,除非书 CST 的合法授书代表以书面形式书独接受, 否书均被拒书,并且无效。
专品专有“专供研究使用”的专专或专似的专专声明, 且未专得美国食品和专品管理局或其他外国或国内专管机专专专任何用途的批准、准专或专可。客专不得将任何专品用于任何专断或治专目的, 或以任何不符合专专声明的方式使用专品。CST 专售或专可的专品提供专作专最专用专的客专,且专用于研专用途。将专品用于专断、专防或治专目的, 或专专售(专独或作专专成)或其他商专目的而专专专品,均需要 CST 的专独专可。客专:(a) 不得专独或与其他材料专合向任何第三方出售、专可、 出借、捐专或以其他方式专专或提供任何专品,或使用专品制造任何商专专品,(b) 不得复制、修改、逆向工程、反专专、 反专专专品或以其他方式专专专专专品的基专专专或技专,或使用专品开专任何与 CST 的专品或服专专争的专品或服专, (c) 不得更改或专除专品上的任何商专、商品名称、徽专、专利或版专声明或专专,(d) 只能根据 CST 的专品专售条款和任何适用文档使用专品, (e) 专遵守客专与专品一起使用的任何第三方专品或服专的任何专可、服专条款或专似专专
For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
Cell Signaling Technology is a trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Visit our
Trademark Information page.