CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) & CO-0078-488 SignalStar™ Oligo-Antibody Pair #85716
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Order Information # 85716
This product is not sold separately. Please see the SignalStar™ Multiplex IHC Panel Builder Tool for ordering information.
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| SignalStar™ Leica Bond | 1:50 - 1:200 |
| SignalStar™ Manual | 1:50 - 1:200 |
Storage
SignalStar conjugates are supplied in PBS (pH 7.2), less than 0.1% sodium azide, 2 mM EDTA, 0.05% Triton X-100, 2 mg/mL BSA, and 50% glycerol. Complementary oligos are supplied in nuclease-free water. Store at -20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody. All components in this kit are stable for at least 12 months when stored at the recommended temperature.
Product Description
SignalStar multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an advanced technology for labeling multiple proteins simultaneously in tissue samples using specific primary antibodies and fluorescent detection reagents. This technology offers accuracy and reliability in visualizing and analyzing protein expression while maintaining spatial context and tissue architecture.
SignalStar Oligo-Antibody Pairs are compatible with the SignalStar Multiplex IHC Buffer Kits for use in fluorescent multiplex imaging experiments. This product includes the oligo-conjugated antibodies and complementary oligos required for labeling your target protein on up to 10 slides. SignalStar Multiplex IHC Buffer Kits are required to amplify and image the target signal. Multiple oligo-antibody pairs can be conveniently combined into a multiplex panel using the SignalStar Multiplex IHC Panel Builder. SignalStar Multiplex IHC Kits & Reagents are not compatible with all of Cell Signaling Technology® products and protocols that are recommended for use in immunohistochemical assays.
SignalStar Oligo-Antibody Pairs are compatible with the SignalStar Multiplex IHC Buffer Kits for use in fluorescent multiplex imaging experiments. This product includes the oligo-conjugated antibodies and complementary oligos required for labeling your target protein on up to 10 slides. SignalStar Multiplex IHC Buffer Kits are required to amplify and image the target signal. Multiple oligo-antibody pairs can be conveniently combined into a multiplex panel using the SignalStar Multiplex IHC Panel Builder. SignalStar Multiplex IHC Kits & Reagents are not compatible with all of Cell Signaling Technology® products and protocols that are recommended for use in immunohistochemical assays.
Protocol
Specificity / Sensitivity
CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit mAb (SignalStar™ Conjugate 0078) recognizes endogenous levels of total CTLA-4 protein. Non-specific staining was observed in mouse and human normal and neoplastic liver, human normal kidney, and mouse stomach crypts.
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Gln216 of human CTLA-4 protein.
Background
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4, CD152) is an Ig superfamily member that negatively regulates early T cell activation (1-4). The CTLA-4 protein is primarily expressed on T cells, including CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, CD4+ helper T cells, and CD4+/FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (1,2). CTLA-4 protein competes with CD28 for B7.1 (CD80) and B7.2 (CD86) binding at the cell surface, which results in the downregulation of T cell activity (5). The activation of SHP-2 and PP2A downstream of CTLA-4 attenuates TCR signaling (6). Research studies indicate that CTLA4 knockout mice display lymphoproliferative disorders leading to early death, confirming the role of CTLA-4 as a negative regulator of T cells (7). Mutations in the corresponding CTLA4 gene are associated with multiple disorders, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Graves' disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and type V autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (8,9). Additional studies demonstrate that CTLA-4 blockade is an effective strategy for tumor immunotherapy (10-12).
- Brunet, J.F. et al. (1987) Nature 328, 267-70.
- Brunet, J.F. et al. (1988) Immunol Rev 103, 21-36.
- Dariavach, P. et al. (1988) Eur J Immunol 18, 1901-5.
- Linsley, P.S. (1995) J Exp Med 182, 289-92.
- Collins, A.V. et al. (2002) Immunity 17, 201-10.
- Rudd, C.E. et al. (2009) Immunol Rev 229, 12-26.
- Waterhouse, P. et al. (1995) Science 270, 985-8.
- Romo-Tena, J. et al. (2013) Autoimmun Rev 12, 1171-6.
- Wang, J. et al. (2014) PLoS One 9, e85982.
- Egen, J.G. et al. (2002) Nat Immunol 3, 611-8.
- Hodi, F.S. et al. (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100, 4712-7.
- Pardoll, D.M. (2012) Nat Rev Cancer 12, 252-64.
限制使用
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For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
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