ZBP1 Antibody #60968

ZBP1 (Z-DNA binding protein 1), also referred to as DAI (DNA-dependent activator of IFN-regulatory factors) and DLM-1, is a nucleotide binding protein that plays a role in tumorigenesis and innate immune responses to viral infection (1). It is expressed at high levels in lymphatic tissues and intestine and is induced in macrophages by interferon gamma or by LPS (2,3). It contains two amino-terminal Z-alpha domains that bind to left-handed Z-DNA and Z-RNA (4,5). In addition, an adjacent domain binds right-handed B-DNA that allows for it to function as a cytosolic DNA sensor in innate immune responses, triggering activation of TBK1 and IRF-3, and subsequent production of type I interferons (6,7). Furthermore, ZBP1 can trigger the activation of NF-κB through interaction with the RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) of RIPK1 and RIPK3 (8). ZBP1 binding to RIPK3 can also induce a process of programmed necrosis termed necroptosis (9). In contrast, its interaction with RIPK1 can repress necroptosis (10,11). The mRNA binding activity of ZBP1 is also thought to play a role in tumorigenesis. ZBP1 is repressed in metastatic breast cancer, which leads to dysregulation of mRNA targets involved in proliferation and metastasis (12,13).