Tox Antibody #99036
Filter:
- WB
- IP
Supporting Data
| REACTIVITY | H |
| SENSITIVITY | Endogenous |
| MW (kDa) | 60-80 |
| SOURCE | Rabbit |
Application Key:
- WB-Western Blotting
- IP-Immunoprecipitation
Species Cross-Reactivity Key:
- H-Human
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
| Immunoprecipitation | 1:50 |
Storage
Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02% sodium azide. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody.
Protocol
Specificity / Sensitivity
Tox Antibody recognizes endogenous levels of total Tox protein.
Species Reactivity:
Human
Source / Purification
Polyclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ala387 of human Tox protein. Antibodies are purified by peptide affinity chromatography.
Background
Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein (Tox) is a DNA-binding nuclear factor and member of the evolutionarily conserved high-motility group (HMG)-box superfamily. Tox also defines a small subfamily of proteins that include Tox2, Tox3, and Tox4, all of which are highly conserved in vertebrate species but have unique tissue expression patterns and functions (1,2).
Tox plays a key role in T cell development in the thymus during positive selection (3-5). A study in Tox-deficient mice also revealed a requirement for Tox in CD4 T cell and NK cell lineage development, including NKT cells, FoxP3+ T regulatory T cells, and lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) cells (6-8). Although Tox expression is primarily restricted to developing immune cells in normal tissues, Tox is induced by high antigen stimulation during chronic viral infection or cancer, regulating T cell persistence and exhaustion (9-12). Tox has also been shown to be aberrantly expressed in cutaneous T cell lymphomas (13-14).
Tox plays a key role in T cell development in the thymus during positive selection (3-5). A study in Tox-deficient mice also revealed a requirement for Tox in CD4 T cell and NK cell lineage development, including NKT cells, FoxP3+ T regulatory T cells, and lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) cells (6-8). Although Tox expression is primarily restricted to developing immune cells in normal tissues, Tox is induced by high antigen stimulation during chronic viral infection or cancer, regulating T cell persistence and exhaustion (9-12). Tox has also been shown to be aberrantly expressed in cutaneous T cell lymphomas (13-14).
- O'Flaherty, E. and Kaye, J. (2003) BMC Genomics 4, 13.
- Aliahmad, P. et al. (2012) Curr Opin Immunol 24, 173-7.
- Wilkinson, B. et al. (2002) Nat Immunol 3, 272-80.
- Aliahmad, P. et al. (2004) J Exp Med 199, 1089-99.
- Chi, T.H. et al. (2002) Nature 418, 195-9.
- Aliahmad, P. and Kaye, J. (2008) J Exp Med 205, 245-56.
- Aliahmad, P. et al. (2010) Nat Immunol 11, 945-52.
- Yun, S. et al. (2011) Immunol Lett 136, 29-36.
- Page, N. et al. (2018) Immunity 48, 937-950.e8.
- Alfei, F. et al. (2019) Nature 571, 265-9.
- Yao, C. et al. (2019) Nat Immunol 20, 890-901.
- Wang, X. et al. (2019) J Hepatol pii: S0168-8278(19)30301-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.05.015.
- Morimura, S. et al. (2014) Arch Dermatol Res 306, 843-9.
- Huang, Y. et al. (2014) Oncotarget 5, 4418-25.
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