R Recombinant
Recombinant: Superior lot-to-lot consistency, continuous supply, and animal-free manufacturing.
Phospho-RIP (Ser321) (E9K2A) Rabbit mAb #38662
Filter:
- WB
- IF
- F
Supporting Data
| REACTIVITY | M |
| SENSITIVITY | Endogenous |
| MW (kDa) | 78 |
| Source/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
Application Key:
- WB-Western Blotting
- IF-Immunofluorescence
- F-Flow Cytometry
Species Cross-Reactivity Key:
- M-Mouse
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
| Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry) | 1:400 - 1:800 |
| Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized) | 1:1600 |
Storage
Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02% sodium azide. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody.
For a carrier free (BSA and azide free) version of this product see product #33527.
For a carrier free (BSA and azide free) version of this product see product #33527.
Protocol
Specificity / Sensitivity
Phospho-RIP (Ser321) (E9K2A) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of mouse RIP protein only when phosphorylated at Ser321.
Species Reactivity:
Mouse
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser321 of mouse RIP protein.
Background
The receptor-interacting protein (RIP) family of serine-threonine kinases (RIP, RIP2, RIP3, and RIP4) are important regulators of cellular stress that trigger pro-survival and inflammatory responses through the activation of NF-κB, as well as pro-apoptotic pathways (1). In addition to the kinase domain, RIP contains a death domain responsible for interaction with the death domain receptor Fas and recruitment to TNF-R1 through interaction with TRADD (2,3). RIP-deficient cells show a failure in TNF-mediated NF-κB activation, making the cells more sensitive to apoptosis (4,5). RIP also interacts with TNF-receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) and can recruit IKKs to the TNF-R1 signaling complex via interaction with NEMO, leading to IκB phosphorylation and degradation (6,7). Overexpression of RIP induces both NF-κB activation and apoptosis (2,3). Caspase-8-dependent cleavage of the RIP death domain can trigger the apoptotic activity of RIP (8).
Necroptosis, a regulated pathway for necrotic cell death, is triggered by a number of inflammatory signals, including cytokines in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, pathogen sensors such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), and ischemic injury (9,10). The process is negatively regulated by caspases and is initiated through a complex containing the RIP and RIP3 kinases, typically referred to as the necrosome. Necroptosis is inhibited by a small molecule inhibitor of RIP, necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) (11). Research studies show that necroptosis contributes to a number of pathological conditions, and Nec-1 has been shown to provide neuroprotection in models such as ischemic brain injury (12). RIP is phosphorylated at several sites within the kinase domain that are sensitive to Nec-1, including Ser14, Ser15, Ser161, and Ser166 (13).
RIP is also phosphorylated at Ser321(mouse)/Ser320(human) by MAPKAPK-2 (MK-2) and TAK1 in response to inflammatory signals such as TNF-α and LPS (14-17). Phosphorylation at this site suppresses RIP mediated apoptosis by inhibiting its interaction with FADD and caspase-8 (14-17).
Necroptosis, a regulated pathway for necrotic cell death, is triggered by a number of inflammatory signals, including cytokines in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, pathogen sensors such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), and ischemic injury (9,10). The process is negatively regulated by caspases and is initiated through a complex containing the RIP and RIP3 kinases, typically referred to as the necrosome. Necroptosis is inhibited by a small molecule inhibitor of RIP, necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) (11). Research studies show that necroptosis contributes to a number of pathological conditions, and Nec-1 has been shown to provide neuroprotection in models such as ischemic brain injury (12). RIP is phosphorylated at several sites within the kinase domain that are sensitive to Nec-1, including Ser14, Ser15, Ser161, and Ser166 (13).
RIP is also phosphorylated at Ser321(mouse)/Ser320(human) by MAPKAPK-2 (MK-2) and TAK1 in response to inflammatory signals such as TNF-α and LPS (14-17). Phosphorylation at this site suppresses RIP mediated apoptosis by inhibiting its interaction with FADD and caspase-8 (14-17).
- Meylan, E. and Tschopp, J. (2005) Trends Biochem Sci 30, 151-9.
- Hsu, H. et al. (1996) Immunity 4, 387-96.
- Stanger, B.Z. et al. (1995) Cell 81, 513-23.
- Ting, A.T. et al. (1996) EMBO J 15, 6189-96.
- Kelliher, M.A. et al. (1998) Immunity 8, 297-303.
- Devin, A. et al. (2000) Immunity 12, 419-29.
- Zhang, S.Q. et al. (2000) Immunity 12, 301-11.
- Lin, Y. et al. (1999) Genes Dev 13, 2514-26.
- Christofferson, D.E. and Yuan, J. (2010) Curr Opin Cell Biol 22, 263-8.
- Kaczmarek, A. et al. (2013) Immunity 38, 209-23.
- Degterev, A. et al. (2008) Nat Chem Biol 4, 313-21.
- Degterev, A. et al. (2005) Nat Chem Biol 1, 112-9.
- Ofengeim, D. and Yuan, J. (2013) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 14, 727-36.
- Jaco, I. et al. (2017) Mol Cell 66, 698-710.e5.
- Geng, J. et al. (2017) Nat Commun 8, 359.
- Dondelinger, Y. et al. (2017) Nat Cell Biol 19, 1237-47.
- Menon, M.B. et al. (2017) Nat Cell Biol 19, 1248-59.
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