GRIM19 (F6I7Y) Rabbit mAb #76335

Gene associated with retinoic and interferon-induced mortality 19 (GRIM19), also known as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A13 (NDUFA13), is a subunit of mitochondrial membrane complex I (1). GRIM19 expression is upregulated by IFN-β and retinoic acid, and in addition to its role in maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential, it antagonizes Stat3 to inhibit cell survival (1-3). In mouse models, due to its antagonism of Stat3, overexpression of GRIM19 has been shown to mitigate diet-induced obesity by promoting differentiation of adipocytes toward formation of brown adipose fat tissue rather than white adipose fat tissue (4). GRIM19 has also been found to act as a tumor suppressor and is downregulated in many cancers, including renal cell carcinoma, colon cancer, and several forms of lung cancer (5). In macrophages, GRIM19 knockdown was found to induce IL-1β secretion, enhance levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, and gasdermin D, and promote pyroptosis (6). Reduced GRIM19 levels were found in human chronic liver disease tissues, and deletion of GRIM19 in mouse liver elucidated a potential mechanism; deletion led to enhanced oxidative stress and NLRP3 activation, leading to hepatic fibrosis (7).