Render Target: SSR
Render Timestamp: 2024-10-24T19:37:14.014Z
Commit: 56767fe525c928647c8401233a175d0d607d385d
XML generation date: 2024-08-01 15:29:52.464
Product last modified at: 2024-10-18T14:15:10.019Z
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PDP - Template Name: Monoclonal Antibody
PDP - Template ID: *******c5e4b77
R Recombinant
Recombinant: Superior lot-to-lot consistency, continuous supply, and animal-free manufacturing.

Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb #54330

Filter:
  • WB
  • IHC
  • F

    Supporting Data

    REACTIVITY H
    SENSITIVITY Endogenous
    MW (kDa) 9-40
    Source/Isotype Rabbit IgG
    Application Key:
    • WB-Western Blotting 
    • IHC-Immunohistochemistry 
    • F-Flow Cytometry 
    Species Cross-Reactivity Key:
    • H-Human 

    Product Information

    Product Usage Information

    Application Dilution
    Western Blotting 1:1000
    IHC Leica Bond 1:800
    Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) 1:800
    Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized) 1:1600

    Storage

    Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02% sodium azide. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody.

    For a carrier free (BSA and azide free) version of this product see product #71325.

    Protocol

    Specificity / Sensitivity

    Galectin-9 (D9R4A) XP® Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total galectin-9 protein.

    Species Reactivity:

    Human

    Source / Purification

    Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with recombinant human galectin-9 protein.

    Background

    Galectins are a family of β-galactose binding proteins that are characterized by an affinity for poly-N-acetyllactosamine-enriched glycoconjugates and a carbohydrate-binding site (1,2). Members of the galectin family have been implicated in a variety of biological functions, including cell adhesion (3), growth regulation (4), cytokine production (5), T-cell apoptosis (6), and immune responses (7).

    Galectin-9 is induced by proinflammatory stimuli, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TLR ligands, and regulates various immune responses through interaction with its ligand TIM-3 (8, 9). Binding of galectin-9 to TIM-3 expressed by Th1 CD4 T cells resulted in T cell death (9). On the other hand, galectin-9 treatment of tumor-bearing mice increased the number of IFN-γ-producing TIM-3+ CD8 T cells and TIM-3+ dendritic cells (10). Transgenic overexpression of either TIM-3 or galectin-9 in mice led to an increase in cells with a myeloid-derived suppressor cell phenotype and inhibition of immune responses (11). CD44 is also proposed to be a receptor for galectin-9, and interaction of galectin-9 with CD44 expressed by induced regulatory T (iTreg) cells enhanced the stability of function of iTreg cells. In addition, galectin-9 was recently demonstrated to bind Dectin-1 expressed by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-infiltrating macrophages, resulting in tolerogenic macrophage reprogramming and suppression of anti-tumor immunity. Increased galectin-9 expression has been observed in several cancer types, including lung, liver, breast, and kidney (12). Alternative splicing of the galectin-9 transcript leads to several isoforms (13).
    For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
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