CXXC5 Antibody #14748

The CXXC-type zinc finger protein 5 (CXXC5) is a nuclear protein that regulates gene expression and is involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, cell adhesion, and cytoskeletal organization. The CXXC5 protein is also known as retinoid-inducible nuclear factor (RINF) as it was originally identified from a set of genes upregulated by retinoic acid stimulation (1). CXXC5 is a transcriptional activator of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor VEGFR2. The CXXC5 protein regulates differentiation and migration of endothelial cells and subsequent blood vessel formation downstream of bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling (2). CXXC5 also regulates TNFα-induced apoptosis by facilitating phosphorylation of Smad3 and the nuclear translocation of Smad4 (3). Expression of CXXC5 in skeletal muscle regulates expression of genes involved in skeletal myogenesis (4). This nuclear factor also plays an important role in the regulation of normal myelopoiesis. The CXXC5 gene is localized to the 5q31.2 chromosomal region that is often involved in abnormalities associated with various myeloid malignancies, and CXXC5 over-expression is associated with decreased overall survival in human AML (5). Interestingly, CXXC5 is also over-expressed in many solid tumors, and high expression is also correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer (6).