CaMKI-δ Antibody #3365

The Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK) family, which is activated in response to elevation of intracellular Ca²⁺, includes CaMKI, CaMKII, CaMKIV, and CaMK-kinases (CaMKKs) (1,2). CaMKI is a downstream substrate of CaMKK and has 4 isoforms: CaMKI-α, CaMKI-β, CaMKI-γ, and CaMKI-δ. CaMKI is present in most cell types and may be involved in cellular functions, including transcription, cytoskeletal organization, axonal growth cone motility, and long-term potentiation in neurons (3-6). CaMKII is also ubiquitously expressed in most cell types. While muscular CaMKII has been linked to activation of mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle hypertrophy response, neuronal CaMKII regulates important neuronal functions, including neurotransmitter synthesis, neurotransmitter release, modulation of ion channel activity, cellular transport, cell morphology and neurite extension, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, and gene expression (7). Like CaMKI, CaMKIV is also a substrate of CaMKKs and is primarily restricted to the nucleus of neurons. CaMKIV regulates gene transcription in neurons through phosphorylation of transcription factors such as CREB and is required for fear memory (8).

CaMKI-δ translocates to the nucleus upon intracellular Ca²⁺ influx and is activated through phosphorylation of Thr180 by CaMKK (9).