Akt3 Antibody #4059
Filter:
- WB
- IP
Supporting Data
REACTIVITY | H M R |
SENSITIVITY | Endogenous |
MW (kDa) | 60 |
SOURCE | Rabbit |
Application Key:
- WB-Western Blotting
- IP-Immunoprecipitation
Species Cross-Reactivity Key:
- H-Human
- M-Mouse
- R-Rat
Product Information
Product Usage Information
Application | Dilution |
---|---|
Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
Immunoprecipitation | 1:25 |
Storage
Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA and 50% glycerol. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody.
Protocol
Specificity / Sensitivity
Akt3 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total Akt3, but does not recognize the truncated form of rat Akt3. The antibody does not cross-react with recombinant Akt1 or Akt2.
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse, Rat
Source / Purification
Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues of human Akt3. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.
Background
Akt, also referred to as PKB or Rac, plays a critical role in controlling cell survival and apoptosis (1-3). This protein kinase is activated by insulin and various growth and survival factors to function in a wortmannin-sensitive pathway involving PI3 kinase (2,3). Akt is activated by phospholipid binding and activation loop phosphorylation at Thr308 by PDK1 (4) and by phosphorylation within the carboxy terminus at Ser473. The previously elusive PDK2 responsible for phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 has been identified as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in a rapamycin-insensitive complex with rictor and Sin1 (5,6). Akt promotes cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis through phosphorylation and inactivation of several targets, including Bad (7), forkhead transcription factors (8), c-Raf (9), and caspase-9. PTEN phosphatase is a major negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway (10). LY294002 is a specific PI3 kinase inhibitor (11). Another essential Akt function is the regulation of glycogen synthesis through phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK-3α and β (12,13). Akt may also play a role in insulin stimulation of glucose transport (12). In addition to its role in survival and glycogen synthesis, Akt is involved in cell cycle regulation by preventing GSK-3β-mediated phosphorylation and degradation of cyclin D1 (14) and by negatively regulating the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27 Kip1 (15) and p21 Waf1/Cip1 (16). Akt also plays a critical role in cell growth by directly phosphorylating mTOR in a rapamycin-sensitive complex containing raptor (17). More importantly, Akt phosphorylates and inactivates tuberin (TSC2), an inhibitor of mTOR within the mTOR-raptor complex (18,19).
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- Alessi, D.R. et al. (1996) EMBO J 15, 6541-51.
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- Vlahos, C.J. et al. (1994) J Biol Chem 269, 5241-8.
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- Diehl, J.A. et al. (1998) Genes Dev 12, 3499-511.
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- Zhou, B.P. et al. (2001) Nat Cell Biol 3, 245-52.
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- Inoki, K. et al. (2002) Nat Cell Biol 4, 648-57.
- Manning, B.D. et al. (2002) Mol Cell 10, 151-62.
限制使用
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For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
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