SMAD2/3 Control Cell Extracts #12052
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Product Information
Product Usage Information
Boil for 3 minutes prior to use. Load 10 μl of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated Smad2/3 Control Cell Extracts per lane.
Storage
Supplied in SDS Sample Buffer: 62.5 mM Tris- HCl (pH 6.8 at 25°C), 2% w/v SDS, 10% glycerol, 50 mM DTT, 0.01% w/v bromophenol blue or phenol red.
Store at –20°C, or at –80°C for long-term storage.
Store at –20°C, or at –80°C for long-term storage.
Product Description
Nonphosphorylated Smad2/3 Control Cell Extracts: Total cell extracts from HT-1080 cells, serum-starved overnight to serve as a negative control. Supplied in SDS Sample Buffer.
Phosphorylated Smad2/3 Control Cell Extracts: Total cell extracts from HT-1080 cells, serum-starved overnight and treated with 10 ng/ml hTGF-β3 #8425 for 30 min to serve as a positive control. Supplied in SDS Sample Buffer.
Phosphorylated Smad2/3 Control Cell Extracts: Total cell extracts from HT-1080 cells, serum-starved overnight and treated with 10 ng/ml hTGF-β3 #8425 for 30 min to serve as a positive control. Supplied in SDS Sample Buffer.
Background
Members of the SMAD family of signal transduction molecules are components of a critical intracellular pathway that transmit TGF-β signals from the cell surface into the nucleus. Three distinct classes of SMADs have been defined: the receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs), which include SMAD1, 2, 3, 5, and 9; the common-mediator SMAD (co-SMAD), SMAD4; and the antagonistic or inhibitory SMADs (I-SMADs), SMAD6 and 7 (1-5). Activated type I receptors associate with specific R-SMADs and phosphorylate them on a conserved carboxy-terminal SSXS motif. The phosphorylated R-SMADs dissociate from the receptor and form a heteromeric complex with SMAD4, initiating translocation of the heteromeric SMAD complex to the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, SMADs recruit a variety of DNA binding proteins that function to regulate transcriptional activity (6-8).
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- Attisano, L. and Wrana, J.L. (1998) Curr Opin Cell Biol 10, 188-94.
- Derynck, R. et al. (1998) Cell 95, 737-40.
- Massagué, J. (1998) Annu Rev Biochem 67, 753-91.
- Whitman, M. (1998) Genes Dev 12, 2445-62.
- Wrana, J.L. (2000) Sci STKE 2000, re1.
- Attisano, L. and Wrana, J.L. (2002) Science 296, 1646-7.
- Moustakas, A. et al. (2001) J Cell Sci 114, 4359-69.
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