Human Latent Transforming Growth Factor β1 (hLatent TGF-β1) #5154
Inquiry Info. # 5154
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Product Information
Formulation
With carrier: A 0.22 μm filtered solution of 0.25 mg/ml hLatent TGF-β1 in PBS, pH 7.2 and 25% (v/v) glycerol containing 20 μg BSA per 1 μg hLatent TGF-β1. Carrier free: A 0.22 μm filtered solution of 0.25 mg/ml hLatent TGF-β1 in PBS, pH 7.2 and 25% (v/v) glycerol.
Storage
Stable at -20°C for 1 year after receipt. Maintain sterility. Storage at -20°C should be in a manual defrost freezer.
Product Description
| MW (kDa) | 13 and 40 |
| Purity | >98% as determined by SDS-PAGE of 6 μg reduced (+) and non-reduced (-) recombinant hLatent TGF-β1. All lots are greater than 98% pure. |
| Endotoxin | Less than 0.01 ng endotoxin/1 μg hLatent TGF-β1. |
| Activity | The bioactivity of recombinant hLatent TGF-β1 was determined by assessing inhibition of IL-4 induced HT-2 cell proliferation. The ED50 of each lot is between 0.2- 10 ng/ml after acid activation. |
| Molecular Formula | Recombinant hLatent TGF-β1 contains no "tags" and the nonglycosylated small latent TGF-β1 complex has a calculated MW of 41,251. DTT-reduced protein migrates as 40 and 13 kDa polypeptides, and the non-reduced cystine-linked homodimers migrate as 80 and 25 kDa proteins. The expected amino-terminal ALDTN of recombinant hTGF-β1 and the expected amino-terminal LSTSK of recombinant latency-associated peptide (LAP) were verified by amino acid sequencing. |
Source / Purification
Recombinant human latent TGF-β1 (hLatent TGF-β1) Leu30-Ser390 (Accession #P01137) was expressed in human 293 cells at Cell Signaling Technology.
Background
Latent TGF-β1 is a complex of two proteins, latency associated protein (LAP) and TGF-β1, which is derived from cleavage of a common 75 kDa precursor protein (1). The LAP protein spatially and temporally regulates TGF-β1 activity by sequestering TGF-β1 in the extracellular matrix in conjunction with latent TGF-β1 binding proteins (LTBP)(1). The release of TGF-β1 is activated by a number of stimuli including proteases, thrombospondin-1, reactive oxygen species, and some integrins (1). Active TGF-β1 binds to TβRII homodimer, which then complexes with TβRI homodimer (2,3). The oligomeric receptor complex phosphorylates subsets of the Smad proteins that then act to induce or repress a number of target genes (3-5). TGF-β1 binding can also activate the Erk2, p38, and Jnk pathways via TAK1 (5). Active TGF-β1 activities include proliferation, angiogenesis, and promotion or inhibition of many immune events (2,4,5). Latent TGF-β1 is present on the surface of regulatory T cells in association with GARP and may contribute directly to their immunosuppressive activity (6,7).
- Annes, J.P. et al. (2003) J Cell Sci 116, 217-24.
- Bierie, B. and Moses, H.L. (2006) Nat Rev Cancer 6, 506-20.
- Moustakas, A. and Heldin, C.H. (2009) Development 136, 3699-714.
- Siegel, P.M. and Massagué, J. (2003) Nat Rev Cancer 3, 807-21.
- Tian, M. and Schiemann, W.P. (2009) Future Oncol 5, 259-71.
- Tran, D.Q. et al. (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106, 13445-50.
- Stockis, J. et al. (2009) Eur J Immunol 39, 3315-22.
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For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
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