Cyclic AMP XP® Assay Kit #4339
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Product Information
Protocol
Product Description
The Cyclic AMP XP® Assay Kit is a competition enzyme-linked immunoassay used to determine cAMP levels in cells or tissues of interest. In this assay, cAMP found in test sample competes with a fixed amount of HRP-linked cAMP for binding to an anti-cAMP XP® Rabbit mAb immobilized onto a 96-well plate. Following washing to remove excess sample cAMP and HRP-linked cAMP, HRP substrate TMB is added to develop color. Because of the competitive nature of this assay, the magnitude of the absorbance for this developed color is inversely proportional to the quantity of sample cAMP. Measurement of absorbance using the cAMP Standard allows calculating the absolute amount of cAMP in a sample of interest.
Note: 12, 8-well modules -Each module is designed to break apart for 8 tests.
Note: 12, 8-well modules -Each module is designed to break apart for 8 tests.
Specificity / Sensitivity
The immunoreactivity of this kit was tested against the following: ADP, AMP, ATP, cAMP, cGMP, cIMP, cTMP, CTP, GDP, GMP and GTP. Relatively minor cross-reactivity was observed with cGMP and cIMP, with 10 fold higher sensitivity for cAMP compared to either cGMP or cIMP. No cross-reactivity was observed with any of the other factors tested. Kit sensitivity, as shown in Figure 1, demonstrates a dynamic range of 0.2 to 12 nM of cAMP. Changes in cellular cAMP levels following specific treatments are shown in Figure 2 (CHO cells) and Figure 3 (293 cells).
Species Reactivity:
All Species Expected
Background
Cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate (cAMP) is an important second messenger involved in many signal transduction pathways in different cell types of numerous species (1-3). In mammalian cells this important molecule is produced by adenylyl cyclases (AC). Extracellular stimuli such as neurotransmitters, hormones, chemokines, lipid mediators and drugs, can modulate AC activity to increase or decrease cAMP production by binding to a large number of transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (4). The degradation of cAMP to AMP is catalyzed by phosphodiesterases that are regulated by intracellular nucleotide concentrations, phosphorylation, or binding of Ca2+/calmodulin and other regulatory proteins (5). A set of diverse molecules, including cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels, and exchange proteins that are activated by cAMP (Epac), mediate downstream cAMP signaling (6,7). cAMP modulates various biological processes including metabolism, differentiation, cardiac cell functions, neuronal signaling, cell adhesion, and immune functions (5-7).
- Serezani, C.H. et al. (2008) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 39, 127-32.
- Beavo, J.A. and Brunton, L.L. (2002) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3, 710-8.
- Kopperud, R. et al. (2003) FEBS Lett 546, 121-6.
- Kamenetsky, M. et al. (2006) J Mol Biol 362, 623-39.
- Cheng, J. and Grande, J.P. (2007) Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 232, 38-51.
- Holz, G.G. et al. (2006) J Physiol 577, 5-15.
- Taylor, S.S. et al. (2008) Biochim Biophys Acta 1784, 16-26.
Product Citations: 1
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