Rosiglitazone Maleate #78946

Rosiglitazone Maleate is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a ligand-activated nuclear receptor preferentially expressed in adipocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Rosiglitazone Maleate mediates adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity (1). Rosiglitazone Maleate binds both PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 isoforms with high affinity. Treatment of mesenchymal stem cells with Rosiglitazone Maleate resulted in adipocyte differentiation (2). The treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus using Rosiglitazone Maleate is controversial as its use can lead to serious side effects, including myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure (3). Exposure of murine neuroblastoma cells and primary hippocampal neurons to Rosiglitazone Maleate protected these cells from oxidative stress. Rosiglitazone Maleate binding to PPARγ activated transcription of neurotrophic factor-α1 (NF-α1), which promoted increased expression of BCL-2 and inhibition of caspase-3 (4). Studies suggest that Rosiglitazone Maleate prevents microglial activation, promotes microglial anti-inflammatory polarization, and suppresses inflammatory cytokines in inflammation-related diseases. In a mouse model of status epilepticus, Rosiglitazone Maleate prevented microglial activation and inhibited pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (5).