蛋白质折叠

热休克蛋白 (HSP) 形成七个分子伴侣蛋白家族（小 HSP [sHSP]、HSP10、40、60、70、90 和 100），这些家族在细胞应激抵抗和肌动蛋白组织中发挥核心作用。它们参与正常蛋白折叠以及错误折叠蛋白的识别和重折叠。热、缺氧、营养不足、自由基、毒素、缺血和紫外线辐射等各种各样的环境应激均会诱导 HSP 表达。HSP27 是 sHSP 家族的一员。由于 p38 MAP 激酶通路被激活，它在 Ser15、Ser78 和 Ser82 位点被 MAPKAPK-2 磷酸化。HSP27 的磷酸化和浓度升高与肌动蛋白聚合和重组有关。HSP70 和 HSP90 会与未折叠蛋白相互作用，从而阻止不可逆的聚集，并以一种依赖于 ATP 和共伴侣分子的方式催化其底物的重折叠。HSP70 有许多底物，包括新合成蛋白和变性蛋白，而 HSP90 的底物则更为有限，其中多数是信号转导分子。HSP70 和 HSP90 还是胞核激素和其他信号转导分子的成熟和失活所必需的。

参考文献

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6. Horgan CP, McCaffrey MW (2011) Rab GTPases and microtubule motors. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 39(5), 1202–6.
7. Stenmark H (2009) Rab GTPases as coordinators of vesicle traffic. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 10(8), 513–25.
8. Horgan CP, McCaffrey MW (2009) The dynamic Rab11-FIPs. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 37(Pt 5), 1032–6.
9. Evans CG, Chang L, Gestwicki JE (2010) Heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) as an emerging drug target. J. Med. Chem. 53(12), 4585–602.
10. Lanneau D, Wettstein G, Bonniaud P, Garrido C (2010) Heat shock proteins: cell protection through protein triage. ScientificWorldJournal 10, 1543–52.
11. Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Saber H, Ferns GA (2012) The potential role of heat shock protein 27 in cardiovascular disease. Clin. Chim. Acta 413(1-2), 15–24.
12. Horgan CP, McCaffrey MW (2011) Rab GTPases and microtubule motors. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 39(5), 1202–6.