| 4E-BP | eIF4E binding protein |
| Abl | Ableson leukemia oncogene cellular homolog |
| AC | Adenylate cyclase |
| ACTR | Acetyltransferase, amplified in breast cancer-1 |
| ADAP | Adhesion and degranulation adaptor protein |
| Ag | Antigen |
| AIF | Apoptosis-inducing factor |
| Akt | AKT8 virus oncogene cellular homolog |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| ANT | Adenine nucleotide translocation channel |
| AP1 | Activator protein 1 (c-jun and c-fos) |
| Apaf-1 | Apoptotic protease activating factor 1 |
| APC | Adenomatous polyposis coli |
| APP | β-Amyloid precursor protein |
| APPs | Acute phase proteins |
| APS | Adapter protein with a PH and SH2 domain |
| ASIP | Atypical PKC isotype-specific interacting protein |
| ASK | Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase |
| ATF-2 | Activating transcription factor 2 |
| ATM | Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated protein kinase |
| ATR | ATM and Rad3-related protein kinase |
| BAFF | B cell activating factor of TNF family/BLyS |
| Bam32 | B cell adaptor molecule 32 kDa |
| BCAP | B cell adaptor for PI3K |
| Bcl-10 | B cell leukemia 10 protein |
| Bfl-1 | Bcl-2-related protein A1 |
| Bid | A BH3 domain-only death agonist protein |
| Bimp1 | B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 |
| BLNK | B cell linker protein |
| BLyS | B lymphocyte stimulator/BAFF |
| BR3 | BLyS receptor 3/BAFF-R |
| BRCA | Breast cancer growth suppressor protein |
| Btk | Bruton’s tyrosine kinase |
| β-TrCP | β-transducin repeat-containing protein |
| C3G | Guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2 |
| CAD | Caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease |
| Cam | Calmodulin |
| CaMK | Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase |
| cAMP | Cyclic adenosine monophosphate |
| CAP | c-Cbl-associated protein |
| Cas | p130CAS, Crk-associated substrate |
| Caspase | Cysteine proteases with aspartate specificity |
| Cav | Caveolin |
| CBL | Cellular homologue of Cas NS-1 oncogene |
| CBP | CREB binding protein |
| cdc | Cell division control protein |
| cdc2 | CDK1, Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 |
| cdc34 | A ubiquitin conjugating (E2) enzyme |
| cdc37 | A kinase-binding chaperone |
| cdc42 | Small GTPase of Rho family |
| CDK | Cyclin-dependent kinase |
| Chk | Checkpoint kinase |
| CHOP | C/EBP homologous protein 10 |
| c-IAP | Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein |
| CIP | CDK-interacting protein |
| CIS | Cytokine inducible SH2-containing protein |
| CK | Casein kinase |
| c-Myb | Avian myeloblastosis virus oncogene cellular homolog |
| c-Myc | Avian myelocytomatosis virus oncogene cellular homolog |
| Cot | Cancer osaka thyroid, a S/T kinase |
| cPLA2 | Cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 |
| CREB | cAMP response element-binding protein |
| CRK | CT10 sarcoma oncogene cellular homolog |
| CTMP | Carboxyl-terminal modulator protein |
| DAG | Diacylglycerol |
| DAPK | Death-associated protein kinase |
| Daxx | Fas death domain-associated protein |
| Diablo | Direct IAP binding protein with low pI |
| DNA-PK | DNA-activated protein kinase |
| DP1 | DRTF1-polypeptide-1, a transcription factor |
| DPC4 | Deleted in pancreatic cancer locus 4 (A.K.A. Smad4) |
| DR | Death receptor |
| Dsh | Dishevelled |
| dsRNA | Double-stranded RNA |
| E2F | Transcription factor family including E2F- and DP-like subunits |
| eEF | Eukaryotic elongation factor |
| Egr-1 | Early growth response protein 1 |
| EHD1 | EH domain-containing 1 |
| eIF | Eukaryotic initiation factor |
| Elk | Ets-like transcription factor |
| ENaC | Epithelial sodium channel |
| Endo G | Endonuclease G |
| eNOS | Endothelial nitric oxide synthase |
| EPAC | Exchange protein activated by cAMP |
| ER | Estrogen receptor, Endoplasmic reticulum |
| Erk | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| Ets | E26-AMV virus oncogene cellular homolog, a transcription factor |
| FADD | Fas-associated protein with death domain |
| FAK | Focal adhesion kinase |
| Fas | TNF superfamily receptor 6 |
| FcgRII | IgG Fc receptor II |
| FKHR | Forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma |
| FLIP | FLICE (Caspase-8) inhibitory protein |
| FRAP | FKBP12-rapamycin-associated protein |
| FRS | FGF receptor substrate |
| Fyn | A Src family tyrosine-protein kinase |
| Gab1 | GRB2-associated binder-1 |
| GADD | Growth arrest and DNA damage protein |
| GAP | GTPase activating proteins |
| GAS | IFN-γ-activated sequences |
| Gas2 | Growth arrest-specific gene 2 |
| GBP | GSK-3 binding protein |
| GCK | Germinal center kinase |
| GCN | General control of amino acid biosynthesis protein |
| GEF | Guanine nucleotide exchange factor |
| GF-Rs | Growth factor receptors |
| GLUT4 | Glucose transporter type 4 |
| GPCR | G-protein coupled receptor |
| GRB | Growth factor receptor-bound protein |
| GRIP | Glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein |
| GRK | G-protein coupled receptor kinase |
| GSK | Glycogen synthase kinase |
| HDAC | Histone deacetylase |
| HIPK | Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase |
| HMG | High mobility group |
| HPK | Hematopoietic progenitor kinase |
| HRI | Hemin-regulated inhibitor |
| Hrk/DP5 | Harakiri protein, an activator of apoptosis |
| HSF1 | Heat-shock factor 1 |
| HSP | Heat shock protein |
| HtrA2 | High temperature requirement serine protease A2 |
| IAP | Inhibitor of apoptosis |
| ICAD | Inhibitor of caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease |
| IκB | Inhibitor of NF-κB |
| IKK | IκB kinase |
| ILK | Integrin-linked kinase |
| INK4 | Inhibitor of CDK4 |
| iNOS | Nitric oxide synthase, inducible |
| IP3 | inositol trisphosphate |
| IRAK | Interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 1 |
| IRS | Insulin receptor substrate |
| ISRE | Interferon-stimulated response element |
| ITAM | immunoreceptor tyrosine-base activation motifs |
| Jak | Janus-family tyrosine kinase |
| JIP | JNK-interacting protein |
| JNK | Jun N-terminal kinase |
| KSR | Kinase suppressor of Ras |
| LAB | Linker for activation of B cells |
| LAT | Linker for activation of T cells |
| LC8 | Dynein light chain, cytoplasmic |
| LCK | Lymphocyte-specific protein-tyrosine kinase |
| LRP | LDL-receptor-related protein |
| LT | Lymphotoxin |
| LTβR | Lymphotoxin-β receptor |
| Lyn | A src family tyrosine-protein kinase |
| M3/6 | Dual-specificity phosphatase |
| MAGUKs | Membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologs |
| MALT | Mucosa-associated lymphoma translocation protein |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| MAPKAP | MAP kinase activated protein kinase |
| Mcl-1 | Myeloid cell leukemia 1 |
| MDM2 | Murine double minute 2, a p53-associated oncogene |
| MEF2 | Myocyte enhancer factor 2 |
| MEK | MAPK/Erk kinase |
| MEKK | MAPK/Erk kinase kinase |
| MHC | Major histocompatibility complex |
| mIg | Membrane immunoglobulin |
| MKP | MAP kinase phosphatase |
| MLCK | Myosin light chain kinase |
| MLK | Mixed lineage kinase |
| MNK | MAP kinase interacting kinase |
| MP-1 | MEK partner 1 |
| Mre11 | Meiotic recombination 11 |
| MSK | Mitogen and stress activated kinase |
| mTOR | Mammalian target of rapamycin |
| Myc | Myelocytomatosis oncogene cellular homolog |
| MyD88 | Myeloid differentiation factor 88 |
| MyoD | Myogenic determination factor |
| Myt1 | A dual-specificity protein kinase |
| NAK | NF-κB-activating kinase |
| NAP1 | Nck-associated protein 1 |
| NBS1 | Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 |
| Nck | Nck adaptor protein |
| NcoR | Nuclear receptor corepressor |
| Nemo | IKKγ, an IKK regulatory subunit |
| NFAT | Nuclear factor of activated T cells |
| NF-kB | Nuclear factor κ B |
| NIK | NF-κB-inducing kinase |
| NLK | Nemo-like kinase |
| NO | Nitric oxide |
| Noxa | Damage protein, a pro-apoptotic BH3-containing protein |
| NRG | Neuregulin |
| Oct | Octamer-binding transcription factor 2 |
| p19Arf | p19 alternative reading frame protein |
| p300 | A histone acetyltransferase |
| p53 | Tumor suppressor protein that protects from DNA damage |
| p90RSK | 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase |
| PABP | Poly(A) tail-binding protein |
| PAIP | Polyadenylate binding protein-interacting proteins |
| PAK | p21-activated kinase |
| PAR-1 | Partitioning protein 1, a S/T kinase |
| PARP | Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase |
| Pax | Paxillin |
| PCAF | p300/CBP-associated factor, a histone acetyltransferase |
| pCIP | p300/CBP-interacting protein, a histone acetyltransferase |
| PDE3B | cGMP-inhibited 3’,5’-cyclic phosphodiesterase B |
| PDK | 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase |
| PEK | Pancreatic eukaryotic initiation factor 2a-subunit kinase |
| PERK | Type I transmembrane ER-resident protein kinase |
| PI3K | Phosphoinositide 3 kinase |
| PIAS | Protein inhibitors of activated Stats |
| PIP2 | Phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate |
| PIP3 | Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate |
| PKA | Protein kinase A |
| PKC | Protein kinase C |
| PKR | dsRNA-dependent Ser/Thr protein kinase |
| PLA | Phospholipase A |
| PLC | Phospholipase C |
| Plk | Polo-like kinase |
| PLP2A | Phospholipase A2 |
| POSH | Plenty Of SH3s |
| PP1 | Phospho-protein phosphatase 1 |
| PP2A | Phospho-protein phosphatase 2A |
| PPAR | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor |
| PR | Progesterone receptor |
| PRAK | p38 regulated activated kinase |
| PRK2 | Protein kinase C-related kinase 2 |
| PTEN | Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 |
| PTP1B | Protein phosphotyrosylphosphatase 1B |
| PUMA | p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis |
| Pygo | Pygopus, a transcription co-activator |
| PYK | Proline-rich tyrosine kinase |
| RAIDD | RIP-associated ICH/CED-3-homologous protein with a death domain |
| Rap1 | Ras-related protein RAP-1A |
| RAR | Retinoic acid receptor |
| RasGRP | Ras guanyl nucleotide-releasing protein |
| Rb | Retinoblastoma protein |
| Rel | Reticuloendotheliosis oncogene cellular homolog |
| RGS | Regulator of G-protein signaling |
| Rheb | Ras homolog enriched in brain |
| RIP | Receptor-interacting protein |
| ROCK | Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase |
| ROIs | Reactive oxygen intermediates |
| RSK | Ribosomal protein S6 kinase |
| RTK | Receptor tyrosine kinase |
| RXR | Retinoid X receptor |
| S6 | Small subunit ribosomal protein S6 |
| SAPK | Stress-activated protein kinase |
| SARA | Smad anchor for receptor activation |
| SCF | Skp-cdc53-F-box ubiquitin ligase complex |
| SGK | Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase |
| Shc | SH2-containing collagen-related proteins |
| SHIP | SH2-containing inositol phosphatase |
| SHP1 | SH2-containing phosphatase 1 |
| SHP2 | SH2-containing phosphatase 2 |
| Sin3 | A transcriptional corepressor |
| SIRT2 | Silent information regulator 2 |
| SKP2 | S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 |
| SLP76 | SH2 domain-containing leukocyte protein, 76-kd |
| Smac | Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase |
| Smad | Contraction of Sma and Mad (Mothers against decapentaplegic) |
| SMRT | Silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor |
| Smurf | Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor |
| SNARE | Soluble N-ethylmaleimide attachment protein receptors |
| SOCS | Suppressor of cytokine signalling |
| SOS | Son of sevenless guanine nucleotide exchange factor |
| SOX | Sry-box transcription factors |
| Src | Rous sarcoma oncogene cellular homolog |
| SRC1 | Steroid receptor coactivator 1 |
| SRF | Serum response factor |
| Stat | Signal transducer and activator of transcription |
| SUMO | Small ubiquitin-like modifier |
| Suv39h1 | Position-effect-variegation protein Su(var)3-9 |
| Syk | A tyrosine-protein kinase |
| Synip | Syntaxin 4-interacting protein |
| TAB | TAK binding protein |
| TAFs | TBP-associated factors |
| TAK | TGF β-activated kinase |
| Tal | Talin |
| Tax | Transactivator protein of HTLV-1 |
| tBid | Truncated Bid |
| TBP | TATA-binding protein |
| TC10 | GTP-binding protein TC10 |
| TCF | T cell factor |
| TCR | T cell receptor |
| TF | Transcription factor |
| TGF | Transforming growth factor |
| TGIF | TG-interacting factor |
| TH | Tyrosine hydroxylase |
| Tip60 | HIV1 Tat interacting protein |
| TIRAP | TIR domain-containing adaptor protein |
| TNF | Tumor necrosis factor |
| Topo II | DNA topoisomerase II |
| Tpl2 | Tumor progression locus 2, (Cot1, MAP3K8) |
| TR | Thyroid hormone receptor |
| TRADD | TNF receptor-1-associated death domain protein |
| TRAF | TNF receptor-associated factor |
| TRAIL | TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand |
| TRAM | Trif-related adaptor molecule |
| TRIF | Tir domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-beta |
| TSC | Tuberous sclerosis complex |
| TWEAK | TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis |
| ub | Ubiquitin |
| UV | Ultraviolet radiation |
| VASP | Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein |
| Vav | The ‘onc F’ proto-oncogene |
| Wee1 | Small cell protein, a mitotic inhibitor kinase |
| XIAP | Inhibitor of apoptosis, x-linked |
| YAP | Yes-associated protein 1 |
| Zap-70 | z-chain-associated protein kinase |